Over time, the city of Thebes, located in Upper Egypt, conquered the right to be the capital from Memphis. Thus, geometry was not at all alien to art. Imagine it narrower at the base - it will seem taller, but it will lose stability with a broader foundation, the feeling of grandeur and upward striving will disappear. Hemiun, who knew perfectly mathematics, astronomy and other exact sciences, found the only correct proportions of the pyramid. The gigantic structures of Ancient Egypt have remained for centuries as a monument to these unknown builders.Īrchitect Hemiun. A lot of people died from overwork and hunger. One hundred thousand people have been building it for 20 years: they broke out boulders, cut them, and dragged them to the construction site with the help of ropes. This pyramid was erected by the hands of slaves. In an effort to express the idea of the oneness of the pharaoh, the inviolability of his power, belonging to the rank of gods, the unconditional and absolute rulers of man, Hemiun chose such a place for the building so that it would be noticeable from everywhere. near Memphis, the first capital of Ancient Egypt. The highest, the tomb of Cheops, was built by the architect Khemiun in the XXVII century. īut what kind of sharp teeth cut into the sky at the very horizon? These are the pyramids of the pharaohs Cheops, Khephren and Mikerin - dwellings intended for the posthumous life of the rulers. Rows of date palms, cotton plantations, canals and dams, a mighty river. And between them is cultivated land, each handful of which was sifted by the hands of the fellahs in ancient times. Painted limestone.Īlmost anywhere in the Nile Valley, you can see its eastern and western borders - yellow sands in a haze of sultry air and rocky heights of the Libyan and Arabian deserts. The eyes are so skillfully inlaid with alabaster, black stone, silver and rock crystal that they seem alive. Thin compressed lips, an intense attentive gaze, a posture frozen in silent anticipation shock with truthfulness, perfection of performance. A clever face expresses the servility and cunning of a clever courtier. He sits cross-legged, collected inwardly, ready to record Pharaoh's orders. twenty centuries before the heyday of art Ancient Greece an unknown sculptor of genius created a sculptural image of the scribe Kaya. It seems that in front of you are living people, thinking intensely about something, although the sculptor captured the beauty of Nofret and the courageous appearance of Rahotep almost five thousand years ago. Here are two statues - Princess Nofret and Prince Rahotep. For sculptures, posture and coloring were also legalized once and for all.īut although the possibilities of the artists were limited by the strict requirements of the rules, many of them were able to deeply and subtly show inner world a person, his feelings and experiences. So, according to the "Prescriptions for wall painting and the canon of proportions", a person was depicted according to the following scheme: head in profile, eyes, shoulders and arms in front, legs in profile. Religious art was subject to special canons. The religious beliefs of the Egyptians have hardly changed for millennia. Such beliefs led to the emergence - for the first time in the history of mankind - portrait genre, the creation of a set is truly realistic works already in the period Of the ancient kingdom. The beginning of the 2nd millennium BC NS. Their task is to replace for "ka" that which surrounded man on earth. So that the deceased does not need anything afterlife, the walls of the tomb were covered with numerous reliefs and paintings. She is inviolable: everyone who harms her will be cursed by the deceased and punished by the gods. And if there are several sculptures, then "ka" can pass from one to another.įor "ka" you need a dwelling - a tomb. When a person was dying, the "ka" remained, but on one condition: there must be a container for him, for example, a portrait statue made of solid stone or wood, which necessarily conveys the exact appearance of the deceased, otherwise the "ka" will not move into it. First of all, you need to think about "ka" - the double of a person. In order for it to be successful, a number of conditions had to be strictly observed. The ancient Egyptians believed that the afterlife awaits a person after death. Many of them remain unsurpassed examples of the highest craftsmanship and creative inspiration. NS.įor such a significant time in Ancient Egypt, it was created great amount magnificent buildings, sculptures, paintings, decorative applied arts. The history of Ancient Egypt spans several millennia - from the end of the 5th millennium BC.
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